PARAPHRASE (KUTIPAN)

Definition
Paraphrasing is using different language to say the same thing or restating another writer's words and ideas in your words. The length of paraphrase should be same with the original text. In paraphrase, the vocabulary and grammar should be changed from the original text. Before Paraphrasing The Original Text We Should Introduce The Information By Using The Phrase According To Followed By The Author's Name Or The Name Of The book  or we can use the name of the source with a verb, such as state, say, argue, believe, reveal, conclude, report, suggest or etc. 

The verbs in a paraphrase are sometimes used in the present tense rather than past tense; however, both tenses have the same meaning.

Technique 

There are five techniques of making paraphrase:

1. Using synonymous words or expressions

Example:

Original sentence: The stallion was content with the mare.

Paraphrasing        : The male horse was happy with the female horse.

2.Changing active to passive forms or vice versa.

 Example:

original sentence: Ajmi write the poetry.

paraphrase: the poetry is written by Ajmi.

3. Changing word forms 

 Example:
original sentence: Fauzan is a diligent student.
paraphrase: Fauzan studies diligently.
 4.  Changing clausal /phrase structures
Example:
original sentence: Adi was singing when Fajri read a book.
paraphrase: Fajri was reading a book when Adi sang a song.
5. Changing quoted speech to indirect speech or vice versa (sebaliknya) .
Example:
original sentence: Rijal said that he likes cat.
paraphrase: Rijal said: "i like cat".


How To Make a Paraphrase
there are steps of making a paraphrase:
1.Read the material/text that you plan to paraphrase.  read it several times carefully to make sure you understand the meaning. 
2. Look up complex words or phrases in a dictionary.  use the thesaurus for help in finding synonyms.
3. Put the text aside and write down its intended meaning using your own words.  Rearrange the sentence structure or the order of the sentences.
4. Compare the length of what you have written to the original text.  They should be the same length.  A paraphrase does not condensate the material.
5. make sure that the meaning of what you have written is the same as the meaning of the original text.
6.Cite your paraphrase using an acceptable citation method.  These are not your ideas so you must give credit to where you get them.